{"id":526,"date":"2011-07-07T08:26:22","date_gmt":"2011-07-07T08:26:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/achrs.org\/english\/2011\/07\/07\/open-letter-to-members-of-the-royal-committee-for-amending-the-constitution\/"},"modified":"2011-07-07T08:26:22","modified_gmt":"2011-07-07T08:26:22","slug":"open-letter-to-members-of-the-royal-committee-for-amending-the-constitution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/achrs.org\/english\/2011\/07\/07\/open-letter-to-members-of-the-royal-committee-for-amending-the-constitution\/","title":{"rendered":"Open Letter to Members of the Royal Committee for Amending the Constitution"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><strong>5 July 2011:<\/strong> Dear Members of the Royal Committee for Amending the Constitution <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"ecxMsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><br \/>The  Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network, Human Rights Watch and the  International Federation for Human Rights welcome King Abdullah\u2019s  initiative to form a royal committee to revise the constitution, in  order to move towards a rights-respecting democracy. <\/p>\n<p>Our  organisations urge the royal committee to pursue its efforts in a  broadly inclusive manner, including in consultation with civil society,  and on the full range of issues. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>  <!--more-->  <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" class=\"ecxMsoNormal\"><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Our organisations recommend the  royal committee address the call by Jordanians for strengthening a  respect for rights in a state that upholds the rule of law and protects  pluralist democracy and human rights.<\/p>\n<p>The current discussion  about revising Jordan\u2019s constitution offers a unique opportunity to  strengthen human rights. A basic starting point should be the  constitutional affirmation that the kingdom\u2019s international treaty  obligations take precedence over domestic law, a principle court rulings  have already acknowledged. Such an affirmation in the constitution  would encourage Jordanian judges, prosecutors, law enforcement officers,  and lawyers, to refer to provisions of international law, in  particular, international human rights law, in the judicial process.  Jordanian judges have already occasionally mentioned international human  rights law, for example the Convention on the Rights of the Child, but  there is much room for strengthening the domestic judicial process\u2019s  compatibility with Jordan\u2019s international obligations. Furthermore,  inclusion in the constitution of the supremacy of international treaty  law over domestic law would encourage and guide revisions of domestic  law to close gaps with and remove contradictions to, international human  rights law. <\/p>\n<p>The constitution should also be amended to include  other basic principles of law with important effects on human rights.  One area requiring improvement is extending the applicability of the  constitution to all persons under Jordanian jurisdiction, including  non-Jordanians \u2013 as required by the International Covenant on Civil and  Political Rights \u2013 except for certain political rights, such as some  rights related to the participation in public affairs. There should be  no discrimination, for example, in the right to freedom of expression,  between a Jordanian and a non-Jordanian resident of the kingdom.  Another, related area, is the right to non-discrimination, and to  equality before the law. Non-discrimination on the basis of sex, race,  religion, and national or social origin is a basic principle to which  Jordan has already subscribed by virtue of its international  obligations. A constitutional provision enshrining non-discrimination as  a principle of domestic law could serve in particular women who remain  disadvantaged under current Jordanian laws, for example, in personal  status, and in passing on their nationality to their children. <\/p>\n<p>Our  organizations specifically urge your committee to strengthen the rights  to freedom of expression, association, and peaceful assembly in the  constitution by removing current limits on those rights under domestic  laws that exceed those permitted under international law. International  law allows only those narrowly defined restrictions on these rights that  are in conformity with the law and are necessary in a democratic  society for national security or public safety, public order, the  protection of public health or morals, or the protection of the rights  and freedoms of others. Jordan\u2019s domestic laws seriously undermine those  three rights, and a stronger constitutional affirmation of those rights  will provide a basis to review and amend those laws that abridge them.<\/p>\n<p>For  example, provisions of the penal code continue to criminalize  defamation and vague and overbroad speech offenses against state  security. For example, articles 188 to 199 of the penal code carry  criminal sentences for speech found to defame the king, his family, and  government officials, but also non-persons, such as the national flag,  the military, the judiciary, and government institutions. Articles 118  and 150 of the penal code criminalize speech that is found to disturb  Jordan\u2019s relations with other states or that stirs up sectarian strife.  There should be no criminal sanction for speech other than that which  directly incites violence. <\/p>\n<p>The newly amended Public Gatherings  Law before parliament, while an improvement over the previous law,  continues to use an exceedingly broad definition of \u201cpublic gathering\u201d  as any meeting at which a matter related to public policy is discussed,  even those in private. The proposed 2011 change to the law replaces the  obligation to seek permission for public gatherings with an obligation  to notify the authorities of such gatherings two days in advance. Since  it is difficult to notify the authorities in advance of even casual,  private meetings at which matters of public policy may come up for  discussion, the law continues to give the authorities powers to break up  such gatherings and to pursue legal action against the meeting\u2019s  organizers, undermining the right to peaceful assembly.<\/p>\n<p>Article  164 of the penal code also criminalizes peaceful gatherings of seven  people or more when the purpose of the gathering is to commit a crime or  \u201cdisturbing public order,\u201d an ill-defined concept in Jordanian law. <\/p>\n<p>The  Charitable Societies Law of 2008, as amended in 2009, puts onerous  restrictions on civil society organizations and grants the government  excessive powers of interference in the activities of nongovernmental  organizations (NGOs). For example, the prime minister must approve all  foreign funding to Jordanian NGOs; the government has the power to  dissolve the NGO or replace its management with government appointees,  and has the right to access internal documents, including meeting  minutes and financial documents. <\/p>\n<p>We also urge that the  constitution include an explicit prohibition of torture and  ill-treatment consistent with the Convention against Torture and Cruel,  Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment. Jordan in 2008  criminalized torture but failed to criminalize ill-treatment, defined as  cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Given the  recurrent allegations of torture in Jordan, even if somewhat fewer over  the last two to three years, a constitutional provision against torture  would send a clear signal and strengthen prosecutors\u2019 and judges\u2019 hands  in eliminating this prohibited practice.<\/p>\n<p>A constitutional  provision prohibiting enforced disappearance consistent with the  International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced  Disappearance would likewise bring Jordanian law closer to  international norms. <\/p>\n<p>We also recommend including references to  the rights to work, education, health, and social security. Currently,  the constitution provides only for the right to work, but Jordan\u2019s  international obligations under the International Covenant on Economic,  Social and Cultural Rights, carry with them state duties for the  progressive realization of these rights. A constitutional provision  could guide lawmakers and government officials in the formulation of  specific laws and policies addressing those rights.<\/p>\n<p>Your  committee is already considering constitutional changes resulting from  recommendations made by the national dialogue committee regarding new  election and political party laws. We commend a proposed change to  include an independent electoral commission under judicial supervision,  and further urge that the constitution reference the international right  to periodic, free, and fair elections. Currently, the fairness of  elections is not adequately guaranteed, namely the vote of one elector  is not equal to the vote of another. In Jordan, electoral districts have  vastly unequal numbers of voters. The Human Rights Committee, which  monitors state compliance with the International Covenant on Civil and  Political Rights (ICCPR), has interpreted the right to participate in  public affairs to provide for the equality of each person\u2019s vote: \u201cThe  drawing of electoral boundaries and the method of allocating votes  should not distort the distribution of voters or discriminate against  any group and should not exclude or restrict unreasonably the right of  citizens to choose their representatives freely\u201d (General Comment No. 25  on article 25 of the ICCPR). <\/p>\n<p>Lastly, we urge the committee to  strengthen the independence of the judiciary. To that end,Jordan should  abolish the special courts the constitution currently allows. The State  Security Court, one such special court to which the prime minister may  refer any case and whose majority of judges are military officers  appointed by their superiors, lacks independence. The Police Court is  another special court that tries members of the Public Security  Department, including when they are charged with abusing civilians, such  as when a prison guard beats a detainee. The police chief appoints the  Police Court\u2019s prosecutors and judges, who are all members of the Public  Security Department. These courts are difficult to reconcile with the  principle of an independent judiciary, which is necessary to uphold the  right to a fair trial. <\/p>\n<p>Constitutional guarantees of the principles and rights described above would greatly benefit Jordan\u2019s democratic reforms.<\/p>\n<p>In consultation with civil society organisations, constitutional reforms should:<br \/>&#8211; enshrine the supremacy of international human rights treaty law over domestic law;<br \/>&#8211;  amend guarantees of the rights to freedom of expression, peaceful  assembly, and association, to reference any limitations on these rights  as provided for in international human rights law;<br \/>&#8211; enshrine the rights to education, health, social security, and work, as defined in international<br \/>law;<br \/>&#8211;  strengthen democratic processes by including guarantees for the  fairness of elections in addition to strengthened guarantees for free  elections, such as an independent election supervision body;<br \/>&#8211;  enshrine the prohibition of torture, including of cruel, inhuman, and  degrading treatment, and the prohibition against enforced disappearance;<br \/>&#8211; guarantee equal rights between men and women in all areas, including civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights;<br \/>&#8211;  enshrine the principle of non-discrimination on the grounds of sex,  race, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin,  property, birth or other status, in accordance with international human  rights law;<br \/>&#8211; enshrine a commitment to parity in representation of  men and women in political and public bodies and undertake to take all  necessary measures to this effect<br \/>&#8211; enshrine the equality of all  persons before the law and guarantee the constitutional independence of  the judiciary, including by abolishing special courts such the State  Security Court;<br \/>&#8211; ensure constitutional guarantees pertain to all persons under Jordan\u2019s jurisdiction, except for certain political rights.<\/p>\n<p>We thank you for your time and attention.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>5 July 2011: Dear Members of the Royal Committee for Amending the Constitution The Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network, Human Rights Watch and the International Federation for Human Rights welcome King Abdullah\u2019s initiative to form a royal committee to revise the constitution, in order to move towards a rights-respecting democracy. Our organisations urge the royal committee &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-526","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-newsletter"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Open Letter to Members of the Royal Committee for Amending the Constitution - Amman Center for Human Rights Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/achrs.org\/english\/2011\/07\/07\/open-letter-to-members-of-the-royal-committee-for-amending-the-constitution\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Open Letter to Members of the Royal Committee for Amending the Constitution - Amman Center for Human Rights Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"5 July 2011: Dear Members of the Royal Committee for Amending the Constitution The Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network, Human Rights Watch and the International Federation for Human Rights welcome King Abdullah\u2019s initiative to form a royal committee to revise the constitution, in order to move towards a rights-respecting democracy. 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