{"id":4883,"date":"2023-08-13T17:16:36","date_gmt":"2023-08-13T14:16:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/achrs.org\/english\/?p=4883"},"modified":"2024-01-10T11:17:20","modified_gmt":"2024-01-10T08:17:20","slug":"egypts-crackdown-on-human-rights-activists-continue-despite-release-of-political-prisoners","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/achrs.org\/english\/2023\/08\/13\/egypts-crackdown-on-human-rights-activists-continue-despite-release-of-political-prisoners\/","title":{"rendered":"Egypt\u2019s crackdown on human rights activists continue despite release of political prisoners"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On Wednesday 19th of July 2023, Egypt granted <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/07\/19\/world\/middleeast\/egypt-detainee-pardons.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">presidential pardon<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to two well-known human rights activists: Patrick George Zaki and Mohamed Al-Baqer. Their release was part of Egypt\u2019s initiative to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fairplanet.org\/story\/egypt-political-prisoners-committee-pardon\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pardon political prisoners<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in a reform attempt to improve Egypt\u2019s human rights record after growing criticism from the international community.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Last year, in the weeks leading to the COP27 Climate Conference in Sharm El-Sheik, Egyptian authorities released a total of 766 political prisoners. However, many human rights groups deemed this move as misleading, as the government had in fact increased its arrests and crackdown on political and environmental activists. According to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org.uk\/press-releases\/egypt-mass-round-ups-ahead-cop27\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Amnesty International<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, during the same period, Egyptian authorities arrested more people than the number of those released. The official number totalling to 1,540 people arrested.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Recap of the 2022 COP27 Climate Conference<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The 27th edition of the United Nations Climate Change Conference \u2013 COP27 \u2013 took place in\u00a0 the red sea resort of Sharm El-Sheikh in Egypt, from the 6th to the 18th of November 2022. In the space of two weeks, more than 40,000 participants, from 197 countries, attended the summit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The 2022 climate conference had been presented by the Egyptian president as an opportunity to demonstrate unity and the right moment to implement solid actions in the fight against climate change. However, as the world was preparing for the launch of the historical event, several human rights organizations, protestors and experts took the stage to voice their concerns over the Egyptian regime\u2019s long record of repression on civil society.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Days before the COP27<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the days leading to the COP27, Egyptian authorities stepped up security measures, restricting the right to protest. As a result, the authorities arrested numerous activists across the country.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Cairo, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeastmonitor.com\/20221109-egypt-tightens-security-measures-ahead-of-potential-protests-this-friday\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">authorities deployed roadblocks and checkpoints<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to surveil civilians&#8217; mobile phones for any anti-government content. According to local media, cafes and shops in downtown Cairo were even forced to close early in the afternoon. Moreover, sports and arts events were canceled in an attempt to deter any potential demonstration or gathering from activists and the civil society.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to Hugo, a French student studying at Cairo University stated: \u201cour school organized a meeting warning us to stay away from main streets and squares during the COP27. They told us that all the police officers would be deployed and that anyone close to the Tahrir square will be considered as a suspect, especially foreigners who might be mistaken as journalists.\u201d He added that students were told to keep their phones at home as Egyptian authorities might confiscate or go through them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Sharm El-Sheikh, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2022\/oct\/31\/egypt-cop27-showcase-charms-sharm-el-sheikh-protest-mall\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">security measures stepped-up<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as cameras were installed in all taxis, enabling constant surveillance and recording of conversations &#8211; later sent to a \u201csecurity observatory\u201d run by the Interior Ministry.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the days leading up to the climate conference, the Egyptian government also released a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2022\/oct\/31\/egypt-cop27-showcase-charms-sharm-el-sheikh-protest-mall\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">mobile application<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> where participants had to share personal information, such as their passport number. The app also required access to the person\u2019s phone camera, microphone, location and Bluetooth connection. This information was noted that it could later on be shared with third parties. This raised serious privacy and security concerns as the data collected could be used by the government to spy and further crackdown on dissidents.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe COP27 app is really part of the wider surveillance structure in Egypt,\u201d stated <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2022\/nov\/06\/egypt-cop27-climate-surveillance-cybersecurity\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hussein Baoumi<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, of Amnesty International. \u201cThey don\u2019t want to allow the right to protest or freedom of assembly, but they want to seem though they are. It\u2019s [President] Sisi\u2019s vision of a protest &#8211; you go to a place and register and protest for an hour where no one can see you, and then they have you on camera where the authorities can see if you say something they don\u2019t like. It\u2019s the act of a State that doesn\u2019t want to allow freedom of assembly, but doesn\u2019t want to be called out for not permitting it,\u201d he added.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On October 31st 2022, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2022\/nov\/02\/egypt-human-rights-climate-crisis-cop27\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ajit Rajagopal<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, an Indian climate activist was the latest person to be arbitrarily detained before the COP27 debut, as he was setting off on an eight-day walk from Cairo to Sharm El-Sheikh, in an attempt to shed light on the current climate situation. He was arrested by local authorities at a checkpoint for allegedly not having an authorization to protest. As of November 1st, the news website <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/cop27-egypt-sharm-el-sheikh-surveillance-activists-crackdown\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Middle East Eye<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> claimed that \u201c150 people are being held in detention facilities under charges relating to misusing social media and joining a terrorist group\u201d. According to the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fairplanet.org\/story\/egypt-political-prisoners-committee-pardon\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Egyptian Commission for Rights and Freedoms (ECRF)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, more than 1,000 people had been detained in Egypt, from early October to late November 2022, as part of the government&#8217;s crackdown on protest and activists.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Egypt\u2019s long history of repression and human rights abuses<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since the eruption of the Arab spring in 2011, the right to protest, freedom of speech and basic civil rights has been severely eroded in Egypt, with almost no space left for independent media\u00a0 and civil society to operate.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This has worsened however, with the rise of Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi to power in 2013. A few weeks after overthrowing the former President Mohammed Morsi, through a military coup, demonstrations broke out in Cairo at the Nahda Square and at Rabi\u2019a al-Adawiyya mosque. In order to disperse the pro-Morsi crowd and put an end to the protest, Sisi called in armored personnel carriers, bulldozers, snipers, police officers and the army to raid camps and gun down protestors, killing at least 817 people. This was revealed by scholar Bruce K. Rutherford.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Human Rights and freedom of speech has since been on continuous decline in Egypt. Between 2013 and 2014, for instance, \u201csecurity forces detained, charged, or sentenced 41,000 people. Hundreds of Egyptians have also been sentenced to death, many after trials fall short of minimal standards of due process\u201d states Rutherford.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2021, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/world-report\/2022\/country-chapters\/egypt\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Human Right Watch<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> revealed that \u201cEgypt continued to escalate its use of the death penalty and execution, in many cases following unfair proceedings and mass trials.\u201d In the first six months of 2021, it was reported that an estimated 80 people were executed by local authorities. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2021\/04\/death-penalty-2020-middle-east-and-north-africa-dominates-list-of-worlds-top-executioners\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Amnesty International<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> even flagged Egypt as the third worst country in the number of executions worldwide in 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Furthermore, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/documents\/mde12\/3538\/2021\/en\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">prisoners\u2019 detention conditions have severely deteriorated <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">over the years under Sisi\u2019s rule. Independent organizations are constantly barred from inspecting and monitoring the conditions and human rights abuses in prisons. In 2021, the Committee for Justice &#8211; an independent association &#8211; declared that <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/world-report\/2022\/country-chapters\/egypt\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">57 prisoners had died in custody<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the first eight months of 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Alaa Abdel Fattah: a symbol in the fight for human rights<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the most high-profile cases of Egypt\u2019s crackdown on human rights is the detention of\u00a0 British-Egyptian human rights activist <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org.uk\/urgent-actions\/prominent-activist-critical-condition\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alaa Abdel Fattah<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. He has been jailed on a five-year sentence &#8211; since September 2019 &#8211; for allegedly spreading fake news and joining a terrorist group.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.accessnow.org\/campaign\/free-alaa\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alaa\u2019s family<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and several other sources, he was sent to Tora Maximum Security 2 Prison in Cairo where he was subjected to torture, harassment, intimidation and inhuman treatment, before being sent to another prison complex.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During his stay in the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/documents\/mde12\/6692\/2023\/en\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">maximum security complex<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, he was kept in a small, poorly ventilated cell and was denied a bed or even a mattress. He was also deprived of any visits, sunlight, exercise, adequate clothing, hot water and any personal belongings, including family photos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alaa Abdel Fattah had been on a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-middle-east-63665790\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">seven month long hunger strike<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in protest against his detention conditions. He also ceased drinking water on November 6th \u2013 the day the COP27 began &#8211; in order to pressure Egypt\u2019s leaders to allow him access to the English consular. He eventually put an end to his hunger on the 14th of November after collapsing and encountering a near death experience.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In support of Alaa Abdel Fattah, several hundred organizations and more than 500 individual activists &#8211; such <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/press-releases\/2022\/11\/un-experts-call-immediate-release-alaa-abdel-fattah\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UN experts<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org.uk\/news\/greenpeace-uk-statement-on-the-case-of-alaa-abd-el-fattah\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Greenpeace<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/theintercept.com\/2022\/11\/02\/nobel-laureates-press-egypt-free-alaa-abd-el-fattah-writer-hunger-strike-cop27\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Greta Thunberg<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/11\/15\/world\/middleeast\/egypt-alaa-abd-el-fattah-hunger-strike.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">many more<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; called on the Egyptian authorities for his release.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/opinion\/article\/2022\/11\/04\/sixteen-nobel-prize-winners-we-urge-the-world-not-to-forget-alaa-abd-el-fattah-and-the-thousands-of-political-prisoners-in-egypt-s-prisons_6002992_23.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sixteen Nobel prize winners<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> urged world leaders attending the COP27 \u201cto not forget Alaa Abdel Fattah and the thousands of political prisoners in Egypt\u2019s prisons\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Furthermore, the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ishr.ch\/latest-updates\/alaa-abdel-fattahs-life-at-serious-risk-demand-egypt-to-immediately-release-him-now\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> UN Special Rapporteur on human rights and the environment<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> stated \u201cIn advance of COP27, I am joining the chorus of global voices calling for the immediate release of Alaa Abdel Fattah, an Egyptian activist who has languished in jail for years merely for voicing his opinion. Freedom of speech is a prerequisite for climate justice!\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Alaa Abdel Fattah is only one of Egypt\u2019s 60,000 political prisoners, who are still locked up on vague charges and held in deplorable conditions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>ACHRS\u2019 position<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ACHRS strongly condemns the Egyptian government\u2019s long history of repression on human rights, as we firmly support and believe in the right to protest and freedom of speech.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ACHRS condemns Egypt\u2019s continuous surveillance and crackdown on activists and encourages all civil society members to continue to exercise their right to protest and freedom of speech in peaceful manners.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Furthermore, we call on the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and all UN member states &#8211; especially the British government &#8211; to pressure the Egyptian government into releasing Alaa Abdel Fattah and all political prisoners who have been detained on vague charges for exercising their rights.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Source:\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rutherford, Bruce K. and Sowers, Jeannie. 2018. \u201cModern Egypt: What Everyone Needs to Know\u201d. (Oxford: Oxford University Press).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On Wednesday 19th of July 2023, Egypt granted presidential pardon to two well-known human rights activists: Patrick George Zaki and Mohamed Al-Baqer. Their release was part of Egypt\u2019s initiative to pardon political prisoners in a reform attempt to improve Egypt\u2019s human rights record after growing criticism from the international community. Last year, in the weeks &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4884,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[110,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-right-to-speak-2","category-statements"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Egypt\u2019s crackdown on human rights activists continue despite release of political prisoners - Amman Center for Human Rights Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/achrs.org\/english\/2023\/08\/13\/egypts-crackdown-on-human-rights-activists-continue-despite-release-of-political-prisoners\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Egypt\u2019s crackdown on human rights activists continue despite release of political prisoners - Amman Center for Human Rights Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On Wednesday 19th of July 2023, Egypt granted presidential pardon to two well-known human rights activists: Patrick George Zaki and Mohamed Al-Baqer. Their release was part of Egypt\u2019s initiative to pardon political prisoners in a reform attempt to improve Egypt\u2019s human rights record after growing criticism from the international community. 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