{"id":433,"date":"2010-10-25T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2010-10-25T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/achrs.org\/english\/2010\/10\/25\/declaration-on-the-elimination-of-violence-against-women\/"},"modified":"2010-10-25T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2010-10-25T00:00:00","slug":"declaration-on-the-elimination-of-violence-against-women","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/achrs.org\/english\/2010\/10\/25\/declaration-on-the-elimination-of-violence-against-women\/","title":{"rendered":"Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>The General Assembly,<\/strong><\/span> <\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Recognizing the urgent need for the universal application   to women of the rights and principles with regard to equality,   security, liberty, integrity and dignity of all human beings,<\/span><\/p>\n<p>  <!--more-->  <\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Noting that those rights and principles are enshrined in international   instruments, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,   the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the   International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,   the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination   against Women and the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel,   Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Recognizing that effective implementation of the Convention   on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women   would contribute to the elimination of violence against women   and that the Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against   Women, set forth in the present resolution, will strengthen and   complement that process,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Concerned that violence against women is an obstacle to the   achievement of equality, development and peace, as recognized   in the Nairobi Forward-looking Strategies for the Advancement   of Women, in which a set of measures to combat violence against   women was recommended, and to the full implementation of the   Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination   against Women,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Affirming that violence against women constitutes a violation   of the rights and fundamental freedoms of women and impairs or   nullifies their enjoyment of those rights and freedoms, and concerned   about the long-standing failure to protect and promote those   rights and freedoms in the case of violence against women,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Recognizing that violence against women is a manifestation   of historically unequal power relations between men and women,   which have led to domination over and discrimination against   women by men and to the prevention of the full advancement of   women, and that violence against women is one of the crucial   social mechanisms by which women are forced into a subordinate   position compared with men,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Concerned that some groups of women, such as women belonging   to minority groups, indigenous women, refugee women, migrant   women, women living in rural or remote communities, destitute   women, women in institutions or in detention, female children,   women with disabilities, elderly women and women in situations   of armed conflict, are especially vulnerable to violence,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Recalling the conclusion in paragraph 23 of the annex to Economic   and Social Council resolution 1990\/15 of 24 May 1990 that the   recognition that violence against women in the family and society   was pervasive and cut across lines of income, class and culture   had to be matched by urgent and effective steps to eliminate   its incidence,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Recalling also Economic and Social Council resolution 1991\/18   of 30 May 1991, in which the Council recommended the development   of a framework for an international instrument that would address   explicitly the issue of violence against women,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Welcoming the role that women&#8217;s movements are playing in drawing   increasing attention to the nature, severity and magnitude of   the problem of violence against women,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Alarmed that opportunities for women to achieve legal, social,   political and economic equality in society are limited, inter   alia, by continuing and endemic violence,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Convinced that in the light of the above there is a need for   a clear and comprehensive definition of violence against women,   a clear statement of the rights to be applied to ensure the elimination   of violence against women in all its forms, a commitment by States   in respect of their responsibilities, and a commitment by the   international community at large to the elimination of violence   against women,<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Solemnly proclaims the following Declaration on the Elimination   of Violence against Women and urges that every effort be made   so that it becomes generally known and respected:<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Article 1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">For the purposes of this Declaration, the term &#8220;violence   against women&#8221; means any act of gender-based violence that   results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological   harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion   or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public   or in private life.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Article 2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Violence against women shall be understood to encompass, but   not be limited to, the following:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(a) Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring     in the family, including battering, sexual abuse of female children     in the household, dowry-related violence, marital rape, female     genital mutilation and other traditional practices harmful to     women, non-spousal violence and violence related to exploitation;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(b) Physical, sexual and psychological violence occurring     within the general community, including rape, sexual abuse, sexual     harassment and intimidation at work, in educational institutions     and elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(c) Physical, sexual and psychological violence perpetrated     or condoned by the State, wherever it occurs.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Article 3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Women are entitled to the equal enjoyment and protection of   all human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic,   social, cultural, civil or any other field. These rights include,   inter alia:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(a) The right to life;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(b) The right to equality;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(c) The right to liberty and security of person;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(d) The right to equal protection under the law;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(e) The right to be free from all forms of discrimination;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(f) The right to the highest standard attainable of physical     and mental health;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(g) The right to just and favourable conditions of work;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(h) The right not to be subjected to torture, or other cruel,     inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Article 4<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">States should condemn violence against women and should not   invoke any custom, tradition or religious consideration to avoid   their obligations with respect to its elimination. States should   pursue by all appropriate means and without delay a policy of   eliminating violence against women and, to this end, should:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(a) Consider, where they have not yet done so, ratifying or     acceding to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of     Discrimination against Women or withdrawing reservations to that     Convention;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(b) Refrain from engaging in violence against women;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(c) Exercise due diligence to prevent, investigate and, in     accordance with national legislation, punish acts of violence     against women, whether those acts are perpetrated by the State     or by private persons;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(d) Develop penal, civil, labour and administrative sanctions     in domestic legislation to punish and redress the wrongs caused     to women who are subjected to violence; women who are subjected     to violence should be provided with access to the mechanisms     of justice and, as provided for by national legislation, to just     and effective remedies for the harm that they have suffered;     States should also inform women of their rights in seeking redress     through such mechanisms;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(e) Consider the possibility of developing national plans     of action to promote the protection of women against any form     of violence, or to include provisions for that purpose in plans     already existing, taking into account, as appropriate, such cooperation     as can be provided by non-governmental organizations, particularly     those concerned with the issue of violence against women;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(f) Develop, in a comprehensive way, preventive approaches     and all those measures of a legal, political, administrative     and cultural nature that promote the protection of women against     any form of violence, and ensure that the re-victimization of     women does not occur because of laws insensitive to gender considerations,     enforcement practices or other interventions;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(g) Work to ensure, to the maximum extent feasible in the     light of their available resources and, where needed, within     the framework of international cooperation, that women subjected     to violence and, where appropriate, their children have specialized     assistance, such as rehabilitation, assistance in child care     and maintenance, treatment, counselling, and health and social     services, facilities and programmes, as well as support structures,     and should take all other appropriate measures to promote their     safety and physical and psychological rehabilitation;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(h) Include in government budgets adequate resources for their     activities related to the elimination of violence against women;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(i) Take measures to ensure that law enforcement officers     and public officials responsible for implementing policies to     prevent, investigate and punish violence against women receive     training to sensitize them to the needs of women;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(j) Adopt all appropriate measures, especially in the field     of education, to modify the social and cultural patterns of conduct     of men and women and to eliminate prejudices, customary practices     and all other practices based on the idea of the inferiority     or superiority of either of the sexes and on stereotyped roles     for men and women;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(k) Promote research, collect data and compile statistics,     especially concerning domestic violence, relating to the prevalence     of different forms of violence against women and encourage research     on the causes, nature, seriousness and consequences of violence     against women and on the effectiveness of measures implemented     to prevent and redress violence against women; those statistics     and findings of the research will be made public;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(l) Adopt measures directed towards the elimination of violence     against women who are especially vulnerable to violence;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(m) Include, in submitting reports as required under relevant     human rights instruments of the United Nations, information pertaining     to violence against women and measures taken to implement the     present Declaration;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(n) Encourage the development of appropriate guidelines to     assist in the implementation of the principles set forth in the     present Declaration;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(o) Recognize the important role of the women&#8217;s movement and     non-governmental organizations world wide in raising awareness     and alleviating the problem of violence against women;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(p) Facilitate and enhance the work of the women&#8217;s movement     and non-governmental organizations and cooperate with them at     local, national and regional levels;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(q) Encourage intergovernmental regional organizations of     which they are members to include the elimination of violence     against women in their programmes, as appropriate.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Article 5<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">The organs and specialized agencies of the United Nations   system should, within their respective fields of competence,   contribute to the recognition and realization of the rights and   the principles set forth in the present Declaration and, to this   end, should, inter alia:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(a) Foster international and regional cooperation with a view     to defining regional strategies for combating violence, exchanging     experiences and financing programmes relating to the elimination     of violence against women;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(b) Promote meetings and seminars with the aim of creating     and raising awareness among all persons of the issue of the elimination     of violence against women;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(c) Foster coordination and exchange within the United Nations     system between human rights treaty bodies to address the issue     of violence against women effectively;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(d) Include in analyses prepared by organizations and bodies     of the United Nations system of social trends and problems, such     as the periodic reports on the world social situation, examination     of trends in violence against women;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(e) Encourage coordination between organizations and bodies     of the United Nations system to incorporate the issue of violence     against women into ongoing programmes, especially with reference     to groups of women particularly vulnerable to violence;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(f) Promote the formulation of guidelines or manuals relating     to violence against women, taking into account the measures referred     to in the present Declaration;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(g) Consider the issue of the elimination of violence against     women, as appropriate, in fulfilling their mandates with respect     to the implementation of human rights instruments;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">(h) Cooperate with non-governmental organizations in addressing     the issue of violence against women.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><strong>Article 6<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\">Nothing in the present Declaration shall affect any provision   that is more conducive to the elimination of violence against   women that may be contained in the legislation of a State or   in any international convention, treaty or other instrument in   force in a State.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The General Assembly, Recognizing the urgent need for the universal application to women of the rights and principles with regard to equality, security, liberty, integrity and dignity of all human beings, Noting that those rights and principles are enshrined in international instruments, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and 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