{"id":183,"date":"2009-02-21T07:18:59","date_gmt":"2009-02-21T05:18:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/achrs.org\/english\/2009\/02\/21\/stakeholder-report-by-jordanian-non-governmental-organisations\/"},"modified":"2023-03-21T15:40:01","modified_gmt":"2023-03-21T12:40:01","slug":"stakeholder-report-by-jordanian-non-governmental-organisations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/achrs.org\/english\/2009\/02\/21\/stakeholder-report-by-jordanian-non-governmental-organisations\/","title":{"rendered":"Human Rights Conditions in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\"> <meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\" \/> <meta name=\"ProgId\" content=\"Word.Document\" \/> <meta name=\"Generator\" content=\"Microsoft Word 11\" \/> <meta name=\"Originator\" content=\"Microsoft Word 11\" \/> <link href=\"file:\/\/\/C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5CADMINI%7E1%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml\" rel=\"File-List\" \/> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal<\/w:View> <w:Zoom>0<\/w:Zoom> <w:PunctuationKerning\/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas\/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false<\/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false<\/w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false<\/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables\/> <w:SnapToGridInCell\/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct\/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules\/> <w:DontGrowAutofit\/> <\/w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4<\/w:BrowserLevel> <\/w:WordDocument> <\/xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=\"false\" LatentStyleCount=\"156\"> <\/w:LatentStyles> <\/xml><![endif]--><\/p>\n<style> <!-- \/* Style Definitions *\/ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:\"\"; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:right; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; direction:rtl; unicode-bidi:embed; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:\"Times New Roman\"; mso-fareast-font-family:\"Times New Roman\";} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> <\/style>\n<p><!--[if gte mso 10]> \n\n<style> \/* Style Definitions *\/ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:\"Table Normal\"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:\"\"; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:\"Times New Roman\"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} <\/style>\n\n <![endif]--> <\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed\"> <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\">The following report was presented to the Working Group on the <st1:placename u1:st=\"on\">Hashemite<\/st1:placename> <st1:placetype u1:st=\"on\">Kingdom<\/st1:placetype> of <st1:place u1:st=\"on\"><st1:country-region u1:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:country-region><\/st1:place> at the Universal Periodic Review&nbsp; 4<sup>th<\/sup> Session (February 2009) at the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in Geneva.<\/span><\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Recent developments in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan point to further regression in the human rights situation with regard to public liberties and rights. This is especially apparent in issues relating to freedom of assembly, association, and the upholding of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). Also apparent are continued violations of the rights of children; in particular juvenile delinquents and the continued phenomenon of child labour.<\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n<div>\n<div id=\"ftn14\">\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #000000\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span> <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>  <!--more-->  <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">This report also addresses the rights of  detainees and their violation, the right to work, the right to housing  and other deficiencies that impede the possible realisation of rights.  This is in addition to the elections and participation in public life  and areas in which observations were recorded. My sincere hope is that  the Jordanian government will act to alleviate these violations. The  report contains steps that we would want to see implemented. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <br \/> <\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b><u>First: The freedom of assembly and  association, and Party Laws<\/u><\/b> <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> During the months of June and July 2008, Jordanian Parliament approved  the Public Gathering Act and the Societies Act, as proposed by the  current government. This has shown us that there is clear regression  both of these areas. The Association Law that the Jordanian government  passed in June\/July 2008 makes it nigh-on impossible for many NGOs to  continue the valuable work in which they are currently engaged. The  changes to the law could effectively mean that NGOs in <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>  become extensions of the government. For example, Article 3 of the law  states that NGOs should be prohibited from &quot;pursuing objectives that are part of the domain of political parties.&quot; Thus, it could be argued that NGOs could be banned from working on human rights issues or refugee  problems, as they could be interpreted as being issues in the domain of  the government. In fact, this ruling could be extended to cover many  more issues; the government would effectively have the power to prohibit NGOs from engaging in any activity that the government does not approve of. Moreover, materials from Articles 4 to 8 clearly indicate that the  government intends to retain full control with respect to the  registration of organizations. Although the law now only talks about the &quot;registration&quot; of the organizations, the government has actually  increased its authority to determine which NGOs are formed, and even the manner of their formation.<\/span><a href=\"#_ftn1\" title=\"_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[1]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"> &nbsp; <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><span style=\"color: #000000\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span>  <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Another troubling amendment would see the  Jordanian government having direct control over the funding of many NGOs in <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>. It is proposed that an NGO would need direct government approval for  funding that it receives from organizations based abroad. This could  mean that the Jordanian government could effectively apply a  stranglehold to any of many organizations that currently operate in <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:country-region w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:country-region><\/st1:place>. Such a move would dramatically inhibit the freedom of many  organizations, as they would have to consider whether or not their  activities could precipitate an end to their funding. Infringements on  this law would carry a minimum three-month prison sentence.<\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"> &nbsp; <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The law of assembly, despite some improvements  in some articles, does not revive the principle of freedom of assembly,  which was guaranteed by applicable law in 2001. Whilst the law  previously only required organisers to notify the government of any  proposed public gathering, the law was previously adjusted so that  written approval was required from a minister for any demonstration,  gathering or protest. A minor improvement has been noted with these  changes; if there is no reply from the government in 24 hours, then  approval can be assumed (applicants previously had to wait three days),  it is disappointing not to bare witness to the progression promised in  2001. Governmental approval must also be sought for events such as  conferences or training courses taking place in common spaces such as  hotels or conference centres.<\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"> &nbsp; <\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"> &nbsp; <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span><span>In 2007, a new law to govern  political parties was passed. This law gave the authorities an increased chance to interfere in the internal life of parties, and automatically  puts parties under the control of the intelligence services. The law  also allows many punishments to be meted out against parties, and  prohibits criticism of <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:country-region w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:country-region><\/st1:place>&#8216;s allies. The law  fixes the number of founding members of a party at 500, so a new party  cannot be founded with less than 500 members.<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span><span>&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span> <b><u><o:p><\/o:p><\/u><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span><b><u><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Second: the  rights of women<\/span><\/u><\/b><u><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> <span style=\"color: #000000\">2007 saw a positive development with  regard to the limited rights of women. The final ratification of the  Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against  Women (CEDAW) saw the Government publish the Convention Official Gazette No. 4839 dated August 1, 2007. However, the following observations must be made: <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 1. The Jordanian government kept to the reservations of 1992, when it  initially ratified the Convention. The government justifies the  sometimes discrimatory nature of the Convention by pointing to the  dangerous situations that surround <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:country-region w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:country-region><\/st1:place>, and the fear of  demographic change. It is also argued that they are looking to maintain a culture of community, so progress cannot be the same as in other parts  of the Arab world. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 2. The government has not addressed legislation that prevents children  of non-Jordanian fathers from attending public schools<\/span><a href=\"#_ftn2\" title=\"_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftnref2\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[2]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\">. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 3. The National Commission for Women (JCWA), set up by <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:country-region w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:country-region><\/st1:place> to monitor the implementation of CEDAW Convention, has inadequate  powers conferred upon it and insufficient funding to implement its  tasks. The Commission has also failed to be the tool that could stand up to the government and assure the implementation of the Convention<\/span><a href=\"#_ftn3\" title=\"_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftnref3\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[3]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\">. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 4. There are restrictions on freedom of housing and accommodation for  women. Article 37 of the Code of Personal Status reads that &quot;the wife  must obey the husband and move to live with him wherever wants.&quot;<\/span><a href=\"#_ftn4\" title=\"_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftnref4\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[4]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\"> Nor can women yet demand divorce, due to the  government refusing to amend the existing law in 2006. Men are also  entitled, as Muslims in Jordan to a maximum of four wives at one  time(although there are some controls on the first marriage.) <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 2008 saw a more positive development, whereby a new law on domestic  violence was ratified, but there is still the issue of &lsquo;honour killings&rsquo; not being addressed by law. The perpetrators stand not as common  criminals, but benefit from the &ldquo;extraordinary circumstances&rdquo; clause in  the Penal Code (Article 98), allowing the accused to take the r&ocirc;le of a  &lsquo;hero&rsquo; who defends the &lsquo;honour&rsquo; of the family. The endangered women are  jailed for their protection, and their release can only be granted by  one of her male relatives<\/span><a href=\"#_ftn5\" title=\"_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftnref5\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[5]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\">. The detained woman are eventually  transferred to a &#8216;home shelter,&#8217; or &#8216;Dar Al-Wefaq,&#8217; of which in Jordan  there are currently 3, with a total of 100 spaces for detainees. <span>&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 5. Some positivity, albeit limited, can be elicited from the fact that  there are a number of women ministers in government and judicial  positions, due perhaps to the &lsquo;quota policy&rsquo; implemented by CEDAW.<\/span><a href=\"#_ftn6\" title=\"_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftnref6\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[6]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\"> The negative reflected in both the election  law and party law, which dictates that there must be a certain  percentage of women in these roles, in response to Article IV of CEDAW.  These percentages are quite small and can be seen as arbitrary. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 6. Palestinian refugee women in <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:country-region w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:country-region><\/st1:place> face many forms of  exclusion and difficult living conditions. In addition to being victims  of war and occupation displaced 60 years ago, they suffer from the  weight of social responsibilities and political isolation,  discrimination and violence. Hundreds of thousands of refugees live in  13 refugee camp run by the UNRWA. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> &nbsp; <br \/> <\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><u>Recommendations:<\/u> <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 1. Amend the sixth paragraph in the constitution to refer to gender  equality <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 2. Ratification of CEDAW, the Convention on the full withdrawal of  reservations about 3 articles in the Convention. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 3. The signing of the Additional Protocol of CEDAW. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 4. Support the National Commission for Women as a supervisory body  entrusted with the tool and application of CEDAW. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 5. Put instructions on the entry into force of the law against domestic  violence, and to increase the number of &#8216;home shelters&#8217; in <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>  for violated women. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 6. A law on equality and non-discrimination that criminalizes violence  against women is required; one that punishes any violence, abuse or  discriminatory practices against women. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 7. The personal status law must be adjusted in line with the spirit of  international conventions. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <br \/> <\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><b><u>Third: Rights of the Child<\/u><\/b> <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> The achievements of the Jordanian government in ratifying the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 2006 and publishing it in the Official  Gazette, fourteen years after signing it, represents a point of progress and the recognition of the importance of this issue. But the government must make further progressions. <\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\">\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><span style=\"color: #000000\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><u><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span>With regard to  the law of justice, <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span> <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">To ensure compliance with international norms,  the following suggestions and observations should be considered: <br \/> <\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 1. Raise the age of criminal responsibility to 12, and keep children  within their communities if detained to ensure communication with their  family. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 2. Take certain steps in the event of detention, such as separation of  children from adult detainees. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 3. The establishment of specialized juvenile justice fora to inform the  security services and parliament, and take necessary action to expedite  action on juvenile cases. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 4. Introduction of non-custodial measures and the creation of an  expanded system of alternatives to deprivation of liberty. <br \/> <\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 5. Allow the children to enjoy their rights to education, employment,  training and communication with the outside world and to integrate with  society. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 6. Improved legal aid for children in trouble with the law. <br \/> <\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 7. Work on the training of juvenile court judges, which could perhaps  direct their attention the existing international conventions and  standards related to children&#8217;s rights. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> Work to prepare public opinion to accept the events after leaving the  juvenile welfare institutions and working to help the events to avoid a  return to delinquency and delinquency.  &nbsp; <\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><u><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">With regard to child labour<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><br \/> <\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> Although the Jordanian Labour Act was amended in 2002 to prevent  children from hazardous work harmful to health, and although the Labour  Code inhibits the employment of children under 6, the growing phenomenon of child labour in Jordan, especially in tourist areas and garages must be properly addressed<\/span><a href=\"#_ftn7\" title=\"_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftnref7\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[7]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\">. In attachment to this report is a recent  study on child labour in <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:country-region w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:country-region><\/st1:place>. <\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"> &nbsp; <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><span style=\"color: #000000\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span>  <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">In light of this study, we recommend the  following: tighten up actions and prosecution by the authorities  responsible for overseeing the implementation of provisions relating to  the use of child labour; events and toughening penalties on employers  who employ children. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <br \/> <\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><u><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">With regard to spending on children<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <br \/> <\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> Although the Jordanian Personal Status Law has committees estranged  parents to support their children financially, it is noted that the  amounts awarded by Jordanian Sharia courts are usually totally  insufficient to support a child. Therefore, we must work on amending the law so that it sets a minimum of expense that is adequate for the  child, and that ensures that the child will not have to turn to labour  increase their quality of life.<\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"> &nbsp; <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><br \/> <span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span><u>With  regard to nationality<\/u> <br \/> The indirect discrimination against children and mothers through the  nationality law that does not grant citizenship to children of  non-Jordanian fathers is clearly a violation of the rights of the child. The nationality law must be amended so that a Jordanian mother can  ensure the citizenship of her child, thus promoting the best interest of her offspring.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\">\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"AR-JO\"><o:p><span style=\"color: #000000\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><b><u><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span>Fourth: labour rights <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/b><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<p> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><b><u><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/b><br \/> <b><u><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span> <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin-top: 0in\" type=\"A\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<div align=\"left\"> \t<span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Labour laws do not protect Jordanian workers in \tterms of rights and benefits. Workers covered by the Jordanian labour  \tlaw and workers covered by the law of civil servants are not covered by  \tany law and they lose their rights in accordance with the Jordanian  \tLabour Act Article 3. Excluded from the application of the law can be  \tnoted public servants and municipal employees, the employer&#8217;s family  \tmembers who work without pay. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> \t<\/span> \t<\/div>\n<p> \t<span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> \t&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol><\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">We note through the above-mentioned that the  workers are equal in rights and guarantees not only in terms of legal  and judicial authority but also in terms of lack of equal rights and  that these workers, have been discriminated against and divided  categories. Of these, a wide range of workers in <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>,  including but not limited to (health insurance, social security). This  requires standardization of labour laws and one law applying to all  workers in the kingdom .One that does not exclude any of the Labour Code categories of workers, particularly agricultural workers and domestic  workers, who constitute a large proportion of the workforce in the  Kingdom. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <br \/> <\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\">\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<ol start=\"2\" style=\"margin-top: 0in\" type=\"A\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<div align=\"left\"> \t<span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The large number of workers who work under  \tSaudi law are not permitted to join the trade unions. According to  \tstatistics with the Ministry of Labour, expatriates, number at 450000,  \thowever we believe their number is larger.<\/span><a href=\"#_ftn8\" title=\"_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftnref8\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[8]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span> \t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><span style=\"color: #000000\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span>  <\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\" style=\"margin-top: 0in\" type=\"A\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<div align=\"left\"> \t<span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span><span>&nbsp;<\/span>The \tminimum wage in <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> \tis largely below the poverty line. The poverty line calculated one year \tago stood at monthly wage of less than 556JD. However, the minimum wage \tcurrently stands at 110JD. The Commission charged in accordance with  \tthe law, to determine the minimum wage for workers and actors is almost  \tnon-existent in the light of rising prices. The government acknowledged  \tthe existence of such rises in the prices for food, medicine, fuel and  \tmost goods. These effects could have been offset with a raise in the  \tminimum wage for workers, however, the Committee did not meet, was not  \traising the minimum wage,<span>&nbsp; <\/span>and although the state lifted  \tthe salaries of its employees, there remained close to one million and  \ttwo hundred thousand workers(those working in the private sector)without \tan increase in their salaries. There is a phenomenon in <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>  \tcalled Al-Miyawama workers. The Al-Miyawama Group, which works for only  \tone day or a few days, which requires a specific terms for the <span>&nbsp;<\/span>nature \tof the work done has been exploited by<span>&nbsp; <\/span>private employers  \tThis leads to irregularities in the work and access to their labour,  \thealth insurance and social security ; the employer may terminate  \temployment at any time and without giving any reasons not entailing,  \tfurther more, any legal responsibility. It can be said that this  \tcategory of workers is one<span>&nbsp; <\/span>without rights. One of the  \tworkers working under this so-called tag for more than seven years was  \tnever asked to prove or sign a contract that protects their rights. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><span style=\"color: #000000\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span>  <\/p>\n<ol start=\"4\" style=\"margin-top: 0in\" type=\"A\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<div align=\"left\"> \t<span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The lack of equal salaries and wages of workers \tand the Jordanian expatriate workers, the workers inability to create  \tunion organizations and the low wages paid<span>&nbsp; <\/span>by<span>&nbsp; <\/span>employers \twho rely on foreign labour r and dispensing with the national  \temployment have drastic consequences on the social landscape of the  \tcountry,. A recent study published in a newspaper (Jordanian  \tConstitution) noted that expats represent 20.4% of <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:country-region>&rsquo;s unemployment, signalling a  \tsignificant phenomenon of unemployment in the ranks of expats, since the \trate of unemployment in <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:country-region w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:country-region><\/st1:place> is 13.1%, according to \tstatistics of the same study.<\/span><a href=\"#_ftn9\" title=\"_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftnref9\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[9]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> \t<\/span> \t<\/div>\n<p> \t<span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> \t<br \/> \t<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><span style=\"color: #000000\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span>  <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><b><u><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Fifth: The conditions of  prisons <\/span><\/span><\/u><\/b><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><b><u><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <br \/> <\/span><\/span><\/u><\/b><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">International conventions are in place to  ensure the human right to liberty and personal security. The Jordanian  constitution guaranteed in article 8 that no person shall be arrested or imprisoned except in accordance with the provisions of the Act. It  identifies the Code of Criminal Procedure, to which prison officers and  officials must adhere when dealing with the accused. There is a set of  controls and restrictions formalities to be observed in these cases.<\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"> &nbsp; <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><span style=\"color: #000000\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span>  <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Ten prisons in <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> contain more than  7500 people. Here, we will provide some observations about prison  conditions in <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> in terms of non-compliance with international standards, as follows. <\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"> &nbsp; <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><span style=\"color: #000000\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span>  <\/p>\n<ol style=\"margin-top: 0in\" type=\"1\">\n<li style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt\" class=\"MsoNormal\">\n<div align=\"left\"> \t<span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><span><st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Jordan<\/span><\/span><\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">&#8216;s prisons suffer from  \tovercrowding and this can affect the psychosocial and economic state of  \tprisoners. A result of overcrowding and the failure to observe the  \tminimum rules for the treatment of prisoners, led to riots in the Mawker \tPrison, 70 Kilometres away from the capital <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:city w:st=\"on\">Amman<\/st1:city><\/st1:place>.<\/span><a href=\"#_ftn10\" title=\"_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftnref10\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[10]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\"> This followed the death of three prisoners  \tdue to combustion in the April 14, 2007 riot in the same prison. <\/span><a href=\"#_ftn11\" title=\"_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftnref11\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[11]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span> \t<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><span style=\"color: #000000\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span>  <\/div>\n<p> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">2. Some Jordanian prison inmates complain of  the lack of cold water to their prisons. This does not allow them to  wash their clothes, use their air conditioning and, as there are no  large windows or fans, this may create cases of suffocation and skin  diseases for some inmates. Furthermore, the inadequate quantity of food  and poor eating (only two meals, breakfast and dinner, are served) have  left the inmates disgruntled.<\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"> &nbsp; <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><span style=\"color: #000000\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span>  <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"> &nbsp; <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">3. A law in <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> gives the state broad powers to arrest wanted persons.<\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span><span><span>&nbsp;<\/span>(Crimes Prevention Act of 1954) This law is an infringement on the right of  personal liberty .Administrators are still using their powers under the  need to control and maintain public order and<span>&nbsp; <\/span>have thus  frequently<span>&nbsp; <\/span>compromised<span>&nbsp; <\/span>most essential<span>&nbsp; <\/span>legal guarantees<\/span><\/span><\/span><a href=\"#_ftn12\" title=\"_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftnref12\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[12]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\">. According to the report of the human rights  situation in <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:country-region w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:country-region><\/st1:place> in 2007 issued by the National Centre for Human Rights, the number of  persons arrested since 31\/10\/2007 is 12178.Of these, 10214 are Jordanian citizens, <span>&nbsp;<\/span>and 1964 are of other nationalities. The number of those detained for administrative reasons is at 81 and this for many different reasons.<\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"> &nbsp; <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">4. The question of beatings, ill-treatment and  detention centres also exists within both security posts and with  regards to the behaviour of intelligence services.<\/span><a href=\"#_ftn13\" title=\"_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftnref13\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[13]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"> &nbsp; <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">5. It should be noted that in a number of  cases, prisoners far from their home areas were denied access to their  family, and had to endure hardship and fatigue .People from southern  Jordan put in a prison located in northern Jordan and vice versa,  created the issue of how to maintain and preserve relationships with  family and friends. <\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"> &nbsp; <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">6. Penal systems are still lacking in judgement of alternative penalties. Imprisonment is seen as a device for  punishment, and holds no connotations of rehabilitation. It must be said that the principle of retaining prisoners should be in accordance with  human rights and fundamental freedoms. Finite sentences should also be  applied, with the logic that prisoners will, sooner or later, be  reintegrated in society. It is therefore imperative that they receive a  progressive rehabilitation for a safe return to the community and their  reintegration into society as ordinary citizens. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <br \/> <\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span><b><u><span lang=\"EN-GB\">Fifth:  Elections<\/span><\/u><\/b><u><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><u><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><br \/> <\/span><\/u><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">In the summer in 2001, King Abdullah II  commissioned the government to prepare a new election law, to contribute to the development of political life and democracy. This included the  activation of a law regarding the role of civil society institutions. <\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"> &nbsp; <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><span style=\"color: #000000\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span>  <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The government proposed a new law, Law No. 34,  in 2001, which included the new election law to lower the voting age  from 19 to 18. It is now possible for each person having reached 18  years of age on the first day of the election year to participate in the ballot .It also dealt with the civil registration services used to  prepare the electoral register and the use of personal identification  cards that bear the names of the constituency for the election of a  citizen .This card, in addition to allowing voters to cast their votes  in any polling station in their constituencies, also enables them to  participate in the count of results at polling stations themselves. The  law also included an increase in the number of parliamentary seats to  110 seats, including 6 added seats reserved for women. According to the  law of elections, 27 seats in the Council are distributed to women and  minorities; Circassian, Chechnyans, Christians and Bedouins in three  circuits (Central, North and South).<\/span><a href=\"#_ftn14\" title=\"_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftnref14\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[14]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\"> We argue that the reason that positive  political reforms have not been witnessed in <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>  because of the lack of proportion in dividing seats amongst  constituencies. Thus, even if elections in <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> are free, they are  not fair.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <br \/> <\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><u><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span>Notes on the  election law: <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">1. The Law did not take the principle of full  judicial supervision of elections or the formation of an independent  national commission for this purpose. The supreme committee was formed  to supervise the elections and to decide on all matters brought to its  attention by the central committees formed under the chairmanship of the Minister of the Interior. The government (executive branch) dominates  the electoral process, through the presence of representative within the judicial authority and does so in two ways: first, the judicial power  represented in these committees is vested in a single individual.  Secondly, other members of the Committee are government officials  affiliated to the executive. <\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"> &nbsp; <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">2. By comparing the ratio of the number of  seats in each circle with the number of persons registered for the  election, it can be said that some provinces were given a much lower  proportion of seats than the percentage registered for the election,  while others were given a higher proportion of the seats compared with  those voters enrolled. What can be concluded from this is that the  electoral system has allocated 49 out of 104 seats for 72% of the  population of the provinces of <st1:city w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Amman<\/st1:place><\/st1:city>, Irbid and Zarqa, compared to 55 seats for 28% of the total population  of the country. Thus, the parliamentary majority represents in fact, 23% of Jordanian citizens.<\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"> &nbsp; <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">3. <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:country-region w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:country-region><\/st1:place>&#8216;s election law made no reference whatsoever to any participation of political parties in the  electoral process. Smaller parties are forced to nominate candidates  that are approved by the larger political parties. <\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"> &nbsp; <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">4. Article 28 of the Electoral Code of Jordan  concerns the right of each candidate or appointee to attend and observe  the polling and counting of votes at in any centre in the constituency.  The law, however, does not allow for civil society organizations to  survey elections.<\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"> &nbsp; <\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><span style=\"color: #000000\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span>  <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">5. In accordance with the mechanisms provided  for by law which govern those who referee the final preparation of the  electoral register, the majority of the registered voting stations were  not properly publicised. This meant that many on the electoral register  were not aware of where they could exercise their right to vote. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.25in\" class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <br \/> <\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><u><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span>In this aspect  we recommend:<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"> &nbsp; <\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span>1. The need to amend the 2003 election law to ensure compatibility with international  standards and, in particular, the formation of an independent electoral  commission. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span> <\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span>2. The need to  reconsider the distribution of seats among constituencies, as to ensure  equity in distribution of seats compared to the population. Moreover, it must be ensured that representatives from all provinces and minority  populations, including within the Parliament, do not violate this  principle of proportional representation <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span> 3. The need to enhance the transparency of elections by allowing local  oversight bodies to control elections and to comment on all phases of  the electoral process, given that oversight reports contribute to  strengthening confidence in election results. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span> 4. The need to enhance women&#8217;s access to parliament through increasing  the number of women to 30% of the members of Parliament, so that this  corresponds to the existing minority quotas in the chambers of  parliament. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span> 5. The need to strengthen the role of the judiciary in overseeing the  elections through the formation of an electoral court within the  judiciary. Challenges to the election results should be under the  jurisdiction of this court. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span> <\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span> <b><u><o:p><\/o:p><\/u><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><b><span><span><u><span style=\"color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Sixth: The Human  Right to Adequate Housing <\/span><\/u><span style=\"color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><br \/> <b><span style=\"color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><\/b><\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span>In spite of the  King&#8217;s decree around one year ago calling for a good standard of housing and a decent living for Jordanians below the poverty line and the  subsequent house building programs, the initiative has served to benefit those who are in a position to offer easily obtainable loans. Thus, the initiative, whilst well-intentioned, has lost a lot of its positive  impact. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><span><st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><span style=\"color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\">Jordan<\/span><\/st1:country-region><\/st1:place><span style=\"color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> is committed under international  law to fulfil the basic human right to adequate housing and therefore,  they have a duty to act to recognise and fulfil all the components of  that right. <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> has signed and ratified a number of international human rights  treaties, all of which are published in the Official Gazette. <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region>  faces a major challenge in providing protection and the right to  adequate housing for all persons and groups with the large influx of  Palestinian and Iraqi refugees. <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> must develop and  apply its laws to protect all aspects of the right to housing.  Furthermore, it must apply special measures to secure this right to  those individuals and groups marginalized or prone to danger for reasons of race, ethnicity, color, sex, religion, class or social or economic  status. This includes the obligation to protect the legislative  procedures aimed at identifying low-cost housing. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><span>&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\">This requires the  creation of support systems to enable those who cannot afford adequate  housing to be able to do so, as well as to protect tenants against  unreasonable rent increases. The law here obliges owners and tenants to  adhere to leases negotiated in 2000 until 2010. It is expected that, in  2010, a large number of leases in <st1:city w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Amman<\/st1:place><\/st1:city> will expire, especially in the  area of commercial real estate. As we approach 2010, the Jordanian  authorities and the Jordanian people must act to ensure that this does  not leave the housing market in disarray. We propose amending the  current housing law to avoid creating a situation of displacement and  large scale homelessness. The status quo created a balance between the  rights and needs of tenants and owners, and must be preserved<\/span>.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; color: #000000\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\">By <st1:placename w:st=\"on\">Amman<\/st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st=\"on\">Center<\/st1:placetype> for Human Rights Studies, Arab Women&#8217;s Association and the Arab  Organisation for Human Rights in <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:country-region w:st=\"on\">Jordan<\/st1:country-region><\/st1:place><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><span><span style=\"font-size: 12pt\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span> <\/div>\n<div align=\"left\"> <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br clear=\"all\" \/> <\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000\"> <\/p>\n<hr width=\"33%\" align=\"left\" size=\"1\" \/> <\/span> <\/div>\n<p> <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" title=\"_ftn1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[1]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><span>As one  observer noted, new organizations are approved directly by The Council  of Ministers (according to Article 4), any of whom could insist on being made one of the founding members (according to Article 8).<span>&nbsp; <\/span>Moreover, Article 7 states that organization directors must adhere to principles  of good conduct and behavior. Directors are required to obtain a  certificate to certify their good behavior from the General Intelligence Department, along the lines of those sometimes issued to obtain a  travel visa, for example. Moreover, the law allows ministers to postpone the formation of an NGO due to perceived deficiencies in the  application (Articles 10b and 11b).<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p> <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" title=\"_ftn2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[2]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><span>Because  of this ruling, mothers of non-Jordanian children must often pay high  premiums in order to enroll their children in school. This further  increases on families, and contradicts millennium development goals. The Jordanian government&#8217;s continued denial of children&#8217;s citizenship, as  well as the denial of a woman&#8217;s right to divorce, housing, or emergency  accommodation is a direct violation of Article 2 of CEDAW.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p> <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" title=\"_ftn3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[3]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><span>Reports  III and IV to CEDAW saw no need to add the word &quot;gender&quot; to the line in  the Jordanian Constitution &quot;no discrimination of Jordanians on grounds  of race, colour or creed.&quot; This was in spite of the recommendations of  the 1993 National Charter. The absence of a constitutional court is also justified by the reports, in spite of demands from the UN CEDAW  committee. The central women&#8217;s rights issues come from the absence of  progress on the following CEDAW recommendations: <\/span><span lang=\"EN-GB\">&#8211; Item 9, paragraph 2, concerning the law of nationality.  -Item 15, paragraph 4, concerning freedom of movement. -Item 16 (c, d,  g, j) primarily concerning issues pertaining to marriage and divorce,  and the rights of the woman. <\/span><span><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p> <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" title=\"_ftn4\" name=\"_ftn4\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[4]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><span>This law is particularly unjust and in contradiction to CEDAW, as it means that  victims of domestic violence are sometimes made to move away from their  families and other support networks if the husband&#8217;s will is such. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p> <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" title=\"_ftn5\" name=\"_ftn5\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[5]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><span>Two  years ago, a shelter was founded to protect victims of domestic  violence, maltreatment and sexual abuse. However, no NGOs are allowed  access to the victims, as the owner of the shelter has been instructed  to only deal with the Department of Family Protection. Thus, the victims can only seek governmental help. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p> <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" title=\"_ftn6\" name=\"_ftn6\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[6]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><span>These  quotas include: 20% women in the Municipal Elections of 2007, 6 out of  110 seats in the House of Representatives and the presence of 7 female  aides in the Senate. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p> <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" title=\"_ftn7\" name=\"_ftn7\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[7]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span><span lang=\"EN-GB\"> Statistics indicate  that there are more than 32,000 children aged 5 to 17 currently in  employment. Worryingly, 27% of children currently employed in the  agriculture industry are exempt from the provisions of the Labour Act  (principally those who work in family enterprises), and are therefore  afforded no protection.<\/span><span><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p> <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" title=\"_ftn8\" name=\"_ftn8\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[8]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span> <span style=\"color: black\">Article (108), paragraph c \/ 1 of the Jordanian Labour Act requires the founder of any trade union of employers and trade unions to join in the request (to have Jordanian nationality), the text does not enable expatriates  to defend their rights within union organizations and deprives them of  collective bargaining on their behalf. This makes this group vulnerable  to exploitation and abuse in the absence of organization. Here, we  recommend that there be equality between workers and fellow Jordanian  expatriate workers members of trade unions, we hope they will soon enjoy their right to exercise trade union action.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #000000\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p> <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" title=\"_ftn9\" name=\"_ftn9\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[9]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: #000000\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\">According<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> to statistics of the Ministry of Labour Jordan in 2007, the number of expats came to 315.3 A. There are large numbers  operating without a license, and expats unlicensed exploited by  employers .This is evident in workers employed in the industrial zones  known as QIZ&#8217;s , where the number of expatriate workers and workers  range up to 36928 as statistics of the Ministry of Labour show. Reports  issued by institutions of civil society and international reports  highlight the difficult working conditions, long daily hours, low  salaries, lack of adequate housing and lack of health insurance or  social security. All of this could protect workers from human  trafficking and being taking advantage of at the employer&#8217;s needs.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><span>&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #000000\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p> <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" title=\"_ftn10\" name=\"_ftn10\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[10]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span>In <span style=\"color: black\">an independent investigation on the circumstances surrounding the death of three prisoners, the organization said that, despite the evidence of  the existence of ill-treatment and possible criminal conduct by prison  officials, the police was however informed by the Department of Human  Rights Watch that the investigation on the incident proved their  innocence. Prison officials confirmed that they acted correctly. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> <span>According to BBC Arabic.com &quot;the families of prisoners  have confirmed that troops and riot police stormed the prison, such as  Optical at noon on Tuesday, resulting in casualties and possibly death,  hours after the occurrence of riots in prison Desert&quot; <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> <span>According to the organization Human Rights Watch on the  afternoon of April 14 in the newly built prison 28 inmates in cell No. 3 set fire to sponge sleeping blankets to protest what was happening in  the prison. Participated in the protest prisoners residing in an  adjacent cell; they did so through screaming, hurting themselves with  blunt objects.In response, the prison guards (gendarmerie) entered the  prison building to ensure that the cells where the fire raged were  evacuated. What happened after that is disputable, but ultimately While  civil defense succeeded in extinguishing the blaze, were found in the  cells the burnt corpses of Ras Atiya and Ibrahim Ali. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> <span>The police claimed that the prisoners blocked the cell  door to prevent guards from opening it, but one eyewitness denied this  and described in detail how the prisoners were shouting at policemen and prison guards to open the cell door. It is also said they stood  watching for about 10 minutes before The cell doors opened from the  burning, other eye-witnesses said that before opening the door the  gendarmes fired an explosive gas inside the cell, it was<span>&nbsp; <\/span>finally reported that the gendarmes opened fire on a prisoner and shot him in  the chest using one or more<span>&nbsp; <\/span>rubber bullets. <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><span>&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #000000\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p> <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" title=\"_ftn11\" name=\"_ftn11\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[11]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span> Information from complaints of  the Arab Organization for Human and by the Organization Patark in their  joint report<span style=\"color: black\">.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #000000\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p> <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" title=\"_ftn12\" name=\"_ftn12\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[12]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span> Administrators exercised  arbitrarily their powers despite a decision by the court. The prosecutor complained that prisoners should be released on bail and not after  being detained by officials. This also applies to persons who have been  acquitted; this clearly shows the lack of respect for judicial decisions and thus significantly questioned the principle of the rule of law. On  the other hand officials resorted to impose administrative fines on  persons released on bail. According to the Attorney General&#8217;s offices,  amounts paid by detained persons may reach 200 JD.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #000000\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p> <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" title=\"_ftn13\" name=\"_ftn13\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[13]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><span> In this context, the National  Centre for Human Rights received three complaints about this during one  visit addressing intelligence services operating on complaints and  grievances from detainees. These complaints included the following: <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"> <span style=\"color: #000000\">1 &ndash; The status of living in isolation  rooms and solitary confinement. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 2 &ndash;The length of detention periods ranging from one to seven months. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> 3 &ndash; The inability to conduct telephone communications with their  families. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"> Although the visits were carried out by the <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:placename w:st=\"on\">National<\/st1:placename> <st1:placetype w:st=\"on\">Center<\/st1:placetype><\/st1:place> for Human Rights, the visit was not abrupt and took place in  cooperation with the General Intelligence Department. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><\/o:p><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><o:p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #000000\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/o:p><\/span> <\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"> <\/div>\n<p> <span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" title=\"_ftn14\" name=\"_ftn14\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><u><span style=\"color: #800080\">[14]<\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span> The system dividing constituencies by 27 seats  created:<span>&nbsp; <\/span>Bedouins in the center, the north and south were  given nine seats. Seats for Christians amounted to nine and were  distributed among <st1:country-region w:st=\"on\"><st1:place w:st=\"on\">Oman<\/st1:place><\/st1:country-region> (one seat) and Karak (two seats), Madaba (One seat), Balqa (two seats)  and Ajloun (one seat), Zarka (One seat), and Irbid (one seat). Also  allocated were three seats for Sharkas and Chechnyans , two in <st1:place w:st=\"on\"><st1:country-region w:st=\"on\">Oman<\/st1:country-region><\/st1:place>, and one in Zarkas. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span> <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\"><br \/> <\/span> <span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span> <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; color: black\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span>Women , were given six seats under Article III of the same system, operated  by the candidates in various constituencies in the kingdom winners of  these seats.<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif\" lang=\"EN-GB\"><span><span style=\"font-size: 10pt; color: #000000\"> <br \/> <\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The following report was presented to the Working Group on the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan at the Universal Periodic Review&nbsp; 4th Session (February 2009) at the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in Geneva. Recent developments in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan point to further regression in the human rights situation with &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-public-reports"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Human Rights Conditions in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan - Amman Center for Human Rights Studies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/achrs.org\/english\/2009\/02\/21\/stakeholder-report-by-jordanian-non-governmental-organisations\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Human Rights Conditions in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan - Amman Center for Human Rights Studies\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The following report was presented to the Working Group on the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan at the Universal Periodic Review&nbsp; 4th Session (February 2009) at the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in Geneva. 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